Over the last 30 years, the number of cancer cases in people under the age of 50 has risen dramatically, registering an 80% increase. Presenter Jonny Dymond talks to freelance science journalist David Cox about the possible causes behind this worrying trend. This worrying trend is in stark contrast to the significant advances in treatments for the disease. Natalie Phelps is a clear representation of this emerging trend. Diagnosed with stage four colorectal cancer at age 38, just after giving birth to her second child, Natalie faced the devastating reality of interrupting breastfeeding to undergo aggressive chemotherapy. According to Dr. David Cox, a former neuroscientist and science journalist, the detection of this phenomenon is relatively recent, driven mainly by the digitization of medical records since the early 1990s. Several recent studies have evidenced that at least 17 different types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, prostate and throat cancers, are rising sharply in this young population.
What is driving this increase?
Although there is still no conclusive answer, scientists have put forward multiple theories. Among the possible factors is obesity, which for decades has been clearly linked to cancer due to chronic inflammation and DNA damage. However, many young people diagnosed are not overweight or other traditional risk factors. Another emerging theory suggests that exposure to artificial light may play a role. Sleep cycle disruption and reduced levels of melatonin, a hormone that has anti-cancer properties, could be contributing significantly to the increased risk. Excessive use of antibiotics and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods are also under scrutiny. Both factors alter the gut microbiota, which can promote the proliferation of harmful bacteria associated with the development of certain types of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. Young women appear to be particularly vulnerable. According to recent research, social changes such as delayed childbearing may prolong estrogen exposure, thereby increasing the risk of aggressive cancers, especially breast cancer.
What can be done to curb this worrying trend?
According to Dr. Cox, it is essential to raise awareness among both the general public and the medical community about the real possibility of cancer in young women. It is key to improve early detection, encouraging more accessible screening tests and adjusting public policies to address these cases more promptly. In conclusion, although much research remains to be done, the increase in cancer in young people is an alarm that requires immediate attention and international coordination to find clear answers and effective solutions.
El Autor
